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미국 해군의 새 항모 제럴드 포드 호(USS Gerald R. Ford)가 8일(현지시간) 버지니아주 뉴포트뉴스의 건조기지를 출발해 처음으로 시험 항해에 나섰다. 미 해군이 건조하고 있는 '포드급 항공모함' 중 첫번째로 취역하게 되는 제럴드 포드 호는 개발비용을 포함해 건조 비용으로 160억 달러 이상 들어간 것으로 알려졌다. 2013년 11월 진수됐다. 선체 길이 337m에, 78m 폭의 활주로를 갖추고 있으며 F-35C 등의 전투기를 75대 이상 실을 수 있다.
포드급 항모에는 A1B 원자로가 탑재됐다. 기존 니미츠급 항모는 가압경수로 증기터빈 방식으로 움직이지만, 포드급 항모는 원자로의 터빈을 돌려 전기를 만들고 이 전기로 모터를 가동하는 핵-전기 추진 방식이다. 전투기 발진 시스템도 바뀌었다. 이전의 니미츠급은 증기 추진 캐터펄트를 이용해 전투기를 발진시켰지만 포드급은 전자기식 발진 시스템을 장착해 출력 정확도를 높이고 선체 부담을 줄였다.
현재 미 해군이 운용중인 항모는 니미츠호와 드와이트 D. 아이젠하워호, 칼빈슨호 등 니미츠급 10척이다. 1975년 취역한 니미츠호를 비롯해 7척은 운용된지 20년이 넘는 것들이다. 미 해군은 항모 전력을 강화하기 위해 올해 제럴드 포드 호를 시작으로 존 F 케네디호(2018년)와 엔터프라이즈호(2023년) 등 포드급 항모 3척을 차례로 취역시킬 계획이다.
한편 캘리포니아주 샌디에이고의 노스아일랜드 해군기지를 모항으로 하는 칼빈슨호는 북한 핵위협에 대응하기 위해 이른 시일 내에 한반도 인근 해역으로 이동 배치된다. 데이브 벤험 미군 태평양사령부 대변인은 “서태평양에서 준비 태세를 유지하기 위해 칼빈슨 항모 전단을 북쪽으로 이동하도록 지시했다”고 8일 밝혔다.
미군의 항모들
니미츠(니미츠급, CVN-68) 1975.5.3 취역.
모항 Naval Station Everett, Everett, Washington
드와이트 D. 아이젠하워(니미츠급, CVN-69) 1977.10.18 취역.
모항 Naval Station Norfolk, Norfolk, Virginia
칼빈슨(니미츠급, CVN-71) 1982.3.13 취역.
모항 Naval Air Station North Island, San Diego, California
시어도어 루즈벨트(니미츠급, CVN-72)1992.7.4 취역.
모항 Naval Station Norfolk, Norfolk, Virginia
에이브러햄 링컨(니미츠급, CVN-72) 1989.11.11 취역.
모항 Naval Station Norfolk, Norfolk, Virginia
조지 워싱턴(니미츠급, CVN-73) 1992.7.4 취역.
모항 Yokosuka Naval Base, Yokosuka, Japan
존 C. 스테니스(니미츠급, CVN-74) 1995.12.9 취역.
모항 Naval Base Kitsap, Bremerton, Washington
해리 S. 트루먼(니미츠급, CVN-75) 1998.7.25 취역.
모항 Naval Station Norfolk, Norfolk, Virginia
로널드 레이건(니미츠급, CVN-76) 2003.7.12 취역.
모항 Naval Air Station North Island, San Diego, California
조지 H.W. 부시(니미츠급, CVN-77) 2009.1.10 취역.
모항 Naval Station Norfolk, Norfolk, Virginia
제럴드 R. 포드(포드급, CVN-78) 2016 취역 예정.
Newport News Shipbuilding, Newport News, Virginia(건조 중)
존 F. 케네디(포드급, CVN-79) 2020 취역 예정.
Newport News Shipbuilding, Newport News, Virginia(건조 중)
엔터프라이즈(포드급, CVN-80) 2025 취역 예정.
Newport News Shipbuilding, Newport News, Virginia(건조 중)
퇴역 항모
| USS Langley (CV 1) | 20 Mar 1922 / 27 Feb 1942 | Conv. to AV 3; Sunk as a result enemy action about 75 miles south of Tjilatjap. |
| USS Lexington (CV 2) | 14 Dec 1927 / 8 May 1942 | Sunk as a result of enemy action at the Battle of the Coral Sea. |
| USS Saratoga (CV 3) | 16 Nov 1927 / 26 Jul 1946 | Used as a test target and sunk at Bikini Atoll. |
| USS Ranger (CV 4) | 4 Jun 1934 / 18 Oct 1946 | Sold for scrap 31 Jan 1947 to Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. |
| USS Yorktown (CV 5) | 30 Sep 1937 / 7 Jun 1942 | Sunk due to enemy action at the Battle of Midway. |
| USS Enterprise (CV 6) | 12 May 1938 / 17 Feb 1947 | Sold, 1 Jul 1958. |
| USS Wasp (CV 7) | 25 Apr 1940 / 15 Sep 1942 | Sunk due to enemy action southeast of San Cristobal Island. |
| USS Hornet (CV 8) | 20 Oct 1941 / 26 Oct 1942 | Sunk due to enemy action at the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands. |
| USS Essex (CV 9) | 31 Dec 1942 / 20 Jun 1969 | Stricken 1 Jun 1973. Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping 1 Jun 1975. |
| USS Yorktown (CV 10) | 15 Apr 1943 / 27 Jun 1970 | Stricken 1 Jun 1973. Established as a floating museum in Charleston, S.C., 13 Oct. 1975. |
| USS Intrepid (CV 11) | 16 Aug 1943 / 15 Mar 1974 | Established as a floating museum in New York City in 1982. |
| USS Hornet (CV 12) | 20 Nov 1943 / 26 May 1970 | Stricken from the Navy List 1989. Donated to The Aircraft Carrier Hornet Foundation for use as a museum on 26 May 1998. |
| USS Franklin (CV 13) | 31 Jan 1944 / 17 Feb 1947 | Reclassified AVT 8 on 15 May 1959. Stricken from the Navy List 10 Oct 1964. |
| USS Ticonderoga (CV 14) | 8 May 1944 / 1 Sep 1973 | Stricken from the Navy List 16 Nov 1973. Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping 1 Sept 1975. |
| USS Randolph (CV 15) | 9 Oct 1944 / 13 Feb 1969 | Stricken from the Navy List 1 Jun 1973. Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping 1 Apr 1975. |
| USS Lexington (CV 16) | 17 Feb 1942 / 8 Nov 1991 | Stricken from the Navy List 30 Nov 1991. Now a museum in Corpus Christi, Tex. |
| USS Bunker Hill (CV 17) | 25 May 1943 / 9 Jul 1947 | Stricken from the Navy List 1 Nov 1966; retained as moored electronic test ship in San Diego until Nov. 1972. Scrapped 1973. |
| USS Wasp (CV 18) | 24 Nov 1943 / 1 Jul 1972 | Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping 21 May 1973. |
| USS Hancock (CV 19) | 15 Apr 1944 / 30 Jan 1976 | Stricken from the Navy List 31 Jan 1976; Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping 1 Sept 1976. |
| USS Bennington (CV 20) | 6 Aug 1944 / 15 Jan 1970 | Stricken from the Navy List 1989. Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping 1 Dec 1994. |
| USS Boxer (CV 21) | 16 Apr 1945 / 1 Dec 1969 | Stricken from the Navy List 1 Dec 1969; Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping 13 Mar 1971. |
| USS Independence (CVL 22) | 14 Jan 1943 / 28 Aug 1946 | Sunk as target 29 Jun 1951. |
| USS Princeton (CVL 23) | 25 Feb 1943 / 24 Oct 1944 | Sunk due to enemy action in the Sibuyan Sea. |
| USS Belleau Wood (CVL 24) | 31 Mar 1943 / 13 Jan 1947 | Transferred to France 1953-1960. Returned. Stricken 1 Oct 1960 and sold for scrapping. |
| USS Cowpens (CVL 25) | 28 May 1943 / 13 Jan 1947 | Stricken from the Navy List 1 Nov 1959 and sold for scrapping. |
| USS Monterey (CVL 26) | 17 Jun 1943 / 16 Jan 1956 | Stricken from the Navy List 1 Jun 1970. Sold for scrapping in May 1971. |
| USS Langley (CVL 27) | 31 Aug 1943 / 11 Feb 1947 | Transferred to France 1951-1963; Sold 19 Feb 1964. |
| USS Cabot (CVL 28) | 24 Jul 1943 / 21 Jan 1955 | Transferred to Spain 30 Aug 1967; returned to private U.S. organization 1989. Auctioned by US Marshals Service to Sabe Marine Salvage, 10 Sep 1999. |
| USS Bataan (CVL 29) | 17 Nov 1943 / 9 Apr 1954 | Stricken from the Navy List 1 Sep 1959. Sold for scrapping May 1961. |
| USS San Jacinto (CVL 30) | 15 Dec 1943 / 1 Mar 1947 | Stricken from the Navy List 1 Jun 1970. Sold for scrapping on 15 Dec 1971 to National Metal and Steel Co., Terminal Island, Calif. |
| USS Bon Homme (CV 31) | 26 Nov 1944 / 2 Jul 1971 | Stricken from the Navy List 1989. Scrapped 4 Feb 1992. |
| USS Leyte (CV 32) | 11 Apr 1946 / 15 May 1959 | Stricken from the Navy List 1 Jun 1969. |
| USS Kearsarge (CV 33) | 2 May 1946 / 15 Jan 1970 | Stricken from the Navy List 1 May 1973. Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping 1 Mar 1974. |
| USS Oriskany (CVA 34) | 25 Sep 1950 / 20 Sep 1979 | Stricken from Navy List 1989. Sold 9 Sep 1995, but contractor defaulted. Repossessed by the Navy and contract terminated 30 Jul 1997. Sunk off coast of Florida 17 May 2006 for use as articifical reef. |
| Reprisal(CV 35) | -- /-- | Never completed nor commissioned. Hull, 53% complete, was sold to Boston Metals Co, Baltimore, Md. and scrapped November 1949. |
| USS Antietam (CV 36) | 28 Jan 1945 / 8 May 1963 | Stricken from the Navy List 1 May 1973. Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping 1 Dec 1973. |
| USS Princeton (CV 37) | 18 Nov 1945 / 30 Jan 1970 | Stricken from the Navy List 30 Jan 1970. |
| USS Shangri-La (CV 38) | 15 Sep 1944 / 30 Jul 1971 | Stricken from the Navy List 15 Jul 1982; disposed of by MARAD exchange 9 Aug 1988. |
| USS Lake Champlain (CV 39) | 3 Jun 1945 / 2 May 1966 | Stricken from the Navy List 1 Dec 1969. Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping 28 Apr 1972. |
| USS Tarawa (CV 40) | 8 Dec 1945 / 13 May 1960 | Stricken from the Navy List 1 Jun 1967. |
| USS Midway (CVB 41) | 10 Sep 1945 / 11 Apr 1992 | Stricken 17 Mar 1997; Towed to San Diego 5 January 2004 to be used as a museum and memorial. |
| USS Franklin D. Roosevelt (CVB 42) | 27 Oct 1945 / 1 Oct 1977 | Stricken from the Navy List 30 Sept 1977; Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping 1 Apr 1978. |
| USS Coral Sea (CVB 43) | 1 Oct 1947 / 26 Apr 1990 | Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping 7 May 1993. |
| USS Valley Forge (CV 45) | 3 Nov 1946 / 15 Jan 1970 | Stricken from the Navy List 15 Jan 1970; sold for scrap 29 Oct 1971 to Nicolai Joffre Corp., Beverly Hills, Calif. |
| USS Philippine Sea (CV 47) | 11 May 1946 / 28 Dec 1958 | Stricken from the Navy List 1 Dec 1969. |
| USS Saipan (CVL 48) | 14 Jul 1946 / 14 Jan 1970 | Name changed to Arlington 8 Apr 1965 and served as an communications relay ship until decomm. Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping 6 Jun 1976. |
| USS Wright (CVL 49) | 9 Feb 1947 / 15 Mar 1956 | Converted to and commissioned 11 May 1963 as a command ship. Decommissioned 27 May 1970 and disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping 1 Aug 1980. |
| USS Forrestal (CVA 59) | 1 Oct 1955 / 30 Sep 1993 | Stricken from the Navy List 11 Sep 1993; At the Naval Education and Training Center, Newport, R.I., 14 Sept. 1998 on hold as museum donation. |
| USS Saratoga (CVA 60) | 14 Apr 1956 / 20 Aug 1994 | Stricken from the Navy List 30 Sep 1994; berthed at the Naval Education and Training Center, Newport, R.I., 7 Aug. 1998. |
| USS Ranger (CVA 61) | 10 Aug 1957 / 10 Jul 1993 | In inactive reserve in the Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility (NISMF), Bremerton, Wash. |
| USS Independence (CV 62) | 10 Jan 1959 / 30 Sep 1998 | In inactive reserve in the Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility (NISMF), Bremerton, Wash. |
| USS Kitty Hawk(CV 63) | 29 Apr 1961 / 12 May 2009 | -- |
| USS Constellation (CV 64) | 27 Oct 1961 / 7 Aug 2003 | Towed 12 September 2003, to be placed in inactive reserve in the Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility (NISMF), Bremerton, Wash. |
| USS Enterprise(CVN 65) | 25 Nov 1961 / -- | -- |
| USS America (CV 66) | 23 Jan 1965 / 9 Aug 1996 | Stricken from Navy List; In the Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility (NISMF), Philadelphia, Penn. planned for scrapping, instead sunk in the Atlantic Ocean off the Virginia coast on 14 May 2005, following a series of tests consisting of simulated attacks on the ship. |
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